Brake oil is used by hydraulic braking systems of automobiles. Read to know the characteristics of brake oil and when to replace it.
Automobile braking systems work on hydraulics
and a lubricating fluid called brake oil is necessary for them to
function. Brake oil over the years has evolved greatly to ensure better
operation and reliability of the system. The different types of brake
oils according to their application include grades like DOT 3, DOT 4,
DOT 5 and DOT 5.1. These types of brake oil listed correspond to their
boiling points as they work in very high temperature and pressure
environments. DOT 3 and DOT 4 brake oils are most commonly used in both
India and internationally.
The boiling point of brake oil needs to be high
to avoid vapourisation, as vapour is compressible and will hamper the
effectiveness of a hydraulic system. Vapour in the hydraulic system will
also result in pressure differences which in the case of brake oil can
cause problems like juddering. This can also cause uneven pressure
differences in the brake system and can lead in rupturing of the brake
lines. Over time, due to moisture content in the atmosphere brake oil
absorbs moisture. The boiling point of brake oil after absorbing
moisture is known as its wet boiling point.
DOT 3, DOT 4 and DOT 5.1 are able to absorb
water to an extent (hygroscopic) under normal humidity levels. DOT 5 is
silicon based and cannot absorb water (non-hygroscopic). DOT 5 brake oil
is not compatible with anti-lock braking systems. Silicone brake oil,
which contains additives that prevent the oil from becoming sludgy under
low temperatures, is used in very cold climates.
Most modern cars, if not all, come with brake
fluid reservoirs that allow one to see through so you can check on the
level of brake fluid without physically opening the cap. Usually, the
reservoir is located on the engine firewall or towards the back of the
engine bay towards the driver’s side. The reservoir is also higher up in
the engine bay so that it is easily accessible. Once you locate the
reservoir, it is easy to identify certain markings on it to know if you
need to fill more brake fluid or if it is at an acceptable level. As the
container is in the engine bay and is often exposed to elements like
grime, heat and oil, one might need to clean off a little grime on it to
ensure correct levels.
Brake oil must be changed every two years as the oil
gets saturated with moisture. The moisture content can also corrode
seals and metal inside the braking system. Old brake oil is flushed out
completely and replaced with new oil. Always remember to bleed the brake
system of all air bubbles before using the car. Forgetting to bleed the
brake system can lead to catastrophic brake failure and can result in
an accident.
Ensure an adequate level of brake oil is refilled
according to the marking on the container located in the engine bay. If
the level drops, top up with the grade of brake oil recommended by the
car manufacturer. Always remember to thoroughly clean the rim of the
container and the cap before putting it back on to ensure no stray
particles enter the reservoir. Do not use brake oil from an opened
bottle as it will have absorbed moisture from the atmosphere. Wash off
any brake oil residue that might have spilled in the engine bay while
refilling as it can corrode the paint.
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